OOAD

🖥️ Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)                                  

🔹 What is OOAD?

OOAD ek software engineering approach hai jisme real-world problems ko solve karne ke liye objects, classes aur their relationships use kiye jaate hain.
Iska main focus hota hai:

• System ko real-world ke tarike se model karna

• Reusability aur maintainability badhana

• Development ko easy aur error-free banana

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🔹 Phases of OOAD

1. Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)

• Problem ko samajhna aur analyze karna

• System ke requirements identify karna

• Entities (objects) aur unke relationships nikalna
  📌 Example: Agar Library Management System banani hai → Objects = Book, Member, Librarian

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2. Object-Oriented Design (OOD)

• Analysis ke output ko blueprint me convert karna

• Classes, methods, data members design karna

• UML diagrams (Class, Use Case, Sequence diagrams) banani
  📌 Example: Book class → attributes: title, author, price; methods: issueBook(), returnBook()

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🔹 Benefits of OOAD

• ✅ Reusability – Ek class ko dusre projects me bhi use kar sakte ho

• ✅ Maintainability – Changes karna easy hota hai

• ✅ Scalability – Large systems ko manage karna easy

• ✅ Real-world mapping – Objects real entities jaise hi lagte hain

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🔹 Example: Online Shopping System

• Objects → Customer, Product, Cart, Payment

• Relationships → Customer adds Product in Cart → Cart processes Payment